Purpose of review TKI therapy has shown excellent efficacy and favorable tolerability in patients with mutation-positive nonsmall cell lung cancer. However, there is no clear consensus on the role of TKI as induction therapy. In this article, we reviewed recently published studies to analyze the benefits of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, in particular, EGFR TKIs and ALK TKIs, as inducible treatments for NSCLC. Recent findings Several clinical trials have recently presented their latest data, giving analysis of patient's survival benefits and adverse events. Initial results have demonstrated promising efficacy and safety data. Some clinical case reports and retrospective analysis demonstrated that EGFR/ALK TKIs can significantly improve PFS and the rate of radical surgery. However, there was no statistically significant difference in overall survival time of almost all clinical trials. TKIs are increasingly accepted by clinicians as induction therapy in NSCLC. Many studies have demonstrated that neoadjuvant therapy increases the likelihood of surgery and is associated with good resection rates, as evidenced by high prospective downstaging rates in patients with locally advanced NSCLC. However, the risk of recurrence remains high with no evidence of overall survival benefits being reported. Now that more clinical trials are being conducted and more data will be available for analysis, a clearer and more comprehensive view of what role TKIs play in induction therapy will emerge.