Purpose: To explore the morphological and functional characteristics of prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) in a canine model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with 3T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) and whole-mount step-section pathology correlation. Materials and Methods: Eight adult male beagle dogs with hormone-induced BPH underwent 3T mp-MRI before and 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE, with subsequent whole-mount step-section pathologic assessment. Images were acquired using T-1-weighted images (T1WI), T2WI, 3D-SPACE, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), T-2-mapping, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) sequences. Variance analysis was performed to assess statistical differences in prostatic volume (PV), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and T-2 values. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to correlate ADC, T-2, and PV. Results: The PV decreased from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE from (25.8 +/- 7.09) cm(3) to (6.48 +/- 2.08) cm(3), (6.48 +/- 3.39) cm(3), (6.20 +/- 2.88) cm(3). The ADC values sequentially decreased from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE from (1497.06 +/- 222.72) x 10(-6) mm(2)/s to (1056.00 +/- 189.46) x 10(-6) mm(2)/s, (950.48 +/- 77.85) x 10(-6) mm(2)/s, (980.98 +/- 107.78) x 10(-6) mm(2)/s. The T-2 values decreased from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE were (83.74 +/- 5.29) msec, (68.72 +/- 5.66) msec, (53.96 +/- 15.04) msec, (49.81 +/- 13.34) msec, respectively. ADC and T-2 values were positively correlated with PV (r = 0.823 and 0.744, respectively). Microhemorrhages and hemosiderin were found on SWI after PAE. Conclusion: 3T mp-MRI may facilitate noninvasive assessment of morphological and functional changes of BPH after PAE.