Objective: To investigate the application value of DWI based on biexponential signal decay modeling with extended b-factor range in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of vertebral body. Methods: A total of 22 patients with vertebral body tumor underwent DWI based on the biexponential signal decay modeling with extended b-factor range. Among them, benign lesions were found in 13 cases (21 vertebral body, benign group), while malignant metastasis were found in 9 cases (13 vertebral body, malignant group). Normal vertebral bodies of the same patients were used as control (34 vertebral body, control group). Paired comparison of Fast ADC and Slow ADC values between the 3 groups were separately performed using MADC analysis software on AW 4.3 workstation. Results: Fast ADC was (4.31±1.48) × 10 -3 mm 2/s, (2.85±1.26) × 10 -3 mm 2/s and (0.86±0.63) × 10 -3 mm 2/s in benign, malignant and control groups, while Slow ADC of the 3 groups was (0.68±0.08) × 10 -3 mm 2/s, (0.38±0.08) × 10 -3 mm 2/s and (0.23±0.04) × 10 -3 mm 2/s, respectively. Significant differences of Fast ADC and Slow ADC were found among the 3 groups with pairwise comparison (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Biexponential signal decay modeling of DWI with extended b-factor range can provide significant tissue characterization parameters for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions of vertebral body.