Purpose: As stated in the Global Initiative for Asthma, there are still some asthmatic patients who have not achieved asthma control. Mobile is a useful tool for asthma management. We aimed to compare the advantages of mobile management with traditional management in improving adherence and control of asthma. Methods: In this prospective, multicentre, randomized, controlled and parallel-group study, we enrolled patients with poor adherence and uncontrolled asthma at 32 hospitals in 28 provinces in China. Patients were randomly assigned to the mobile management or traditional management groups for 12 months. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with good adherence (Medication Adherence Report Scale for Asthma [MARS-A] score >= 45) for 6 months. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02917174). Results: Between April 2017 and April 2018, 923 patients were eligible for randomization (mobile group, n = 461; traditional group, n = 462). Dropout was 84 (18.2%) in the mobile management group and 113 (24.4%) patients in the traditional management group. The proportion of patients with good adherence was significantly higher in the mobile management group than in the traditional management group (66.0% vs. 58.99%, P = 0.048). The mobile management group showed higher mean MARS-A score (at 1, 6, 9, and 12 months) and asthma control test scores (at 6 and 9 months), and lower total lost rate to follow-up within 12 months than the traditional management group. Conclusions: Mobile asthma management can improve adherence and asthma control compared to traditional management.