Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of gefitinib plus chemotherapy (GCP) versus gefitinib alone for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in China. Methods: A decision-analytic Markov model was conducted to simulate the disease process of advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations. Three distinct health states: progressionfree survival (PFS), progressive disease (PD) and death were included. Clinical data were derived from the NEJ009 study. The cost was evaluated from the perspective of the Chinese society. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were calculated over a 10-year lifetime horizon. One-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were also performed to explore the uncertainty of parameters in the study. Results: The base case analysis demonstrated that gefitinib plus chemotherapy gained 2.44 QALYs at an average cost of $59,571.34, while the effectiveness and cost of gefitinib group were 1.82 QALYs and $52,492.75, respectively. The ICER for gefitinib plus chemotherapy was $11,499.98 per QALY gained. The ICER was lower than the accepted willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold, which was three times gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of China ($31,498.70 per QALY). Variation of parameters did not reverse the cost-effectiveness of gefitinib plus chemotherapy through univariable and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Our results showed that gefitinib plus chemotherapy is a cost-effective treatment option compared with gefitinib for advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations in China.