Recent studies have shown that oncolytic adenovirus specifically targeted tumor cells while sparing normal cells. Here, we report a novel El A-mutant adenovirus (M6) with antisense HPV16 E6 E7 DNA inserted into the deleted 6.7 K/gp19 K region of E3. The target effects of M6 on HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. By using cytopathic effect (CPE) and viral replication assays, we verified M6 was competent to selectively replicate in cervical cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, we found infection of M6 was able to inhibit the expression of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes and induce apoptosis of HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells. Further analysis in vitro revealed that the invasive ability of SiHa cells was significantly inhibited by M6. To determine if M6 synergized with radiotherapy-induced anti-tumor activity against HPV16-related cancer cells, we transfected SiHa cells with M6 followed by a single exposure to radiation. A significantly suppression of cell growth and induced apoptosis was observed in SiHa cells received M6 transfection combined with radiotherapy. Animal experiments showed that M6 transfection notably improved the survival of tumor-bearing mice in combination with radiotherapy, much superior to that of those treated by Adv5/dE1A plus radiation or M6 alone. These findings indicated the anti-tumoral efficacy of M6 on HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells and its synergic therapeutic application in radiation for cervical cancer. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.