Objective To investigate the relationship between cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) Msp I gene polymorphism and childhood acute leukemia (AL). Methods Relevant literature was extensively searched and screened by Pubmed and Wanfang Database, Chinese Science Journal Database and Chinese Journal Net. Various data consolidation, combined OR values and their 95% CI were tested by RevMan 4.2; Funnel plots were used for the bias analysis. Results Six related literatures were found to meet the requirements. According to heterogeneity results, there was no significant difference in homozygous types(P>0.05), while there was significant difference in two others types (P all<0.05). For wild CYP1A1MspI homozygous for the reference group, Combined OR of heterozygous mutation, homozygous, heterozygous + homozygous mutation in AL and control groups were 1.18, 0.96, and 1.10 respectively. Subgroup analysis: Z values of CYP1A1MspI homozygous, heterozygous + homozygous in the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the control group were 0.10 and 0.76 respectively, Z values in non-acute lymphoblastic leukemia and control group were 0.74 and 0.75. Conclusion There is no correlation between CYP1A1MspI gene polymorphism and the susceptibility of childhood AL.