Background: Pathogenic variants in human phospholarnban coding gene (PLN) are known to cause hereditary dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure in an autosomal dominant mode. Methods: We performed high-depth targeted next-generation sequencing using a cardiomyopathy-panel containing 80 disease-related genes in 650 unrelated patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy to identify potential pathogenic PLN variants. To comprehensively evaluate the genetic cause of the proband and his pedigree, whole-exomc sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed. Results: A novel homozygous nonsense variant (p.Glu2Ter, c.4G>T) in PLN was identified in a 36-year-old male suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy with severe heart failure. No more carcliomyopathy-causing variant or likely pathogenic copy number variation was identified. This valiant was not detected in 800 unrelated healthy controls. Furthermore, the variant is not in the Exome Aggregation Consortium or the Centime Aggregation databases. Western blots showed that this variant significantly reduced the expression of phospholamban. Furthermore, in pedigree analysis, we found that all five heterozygous PLN-p.Glu2Ter carriers (including four elder relatives) had normal heart size and cardiac function, which revealed a novel autosomal recessive inheritance mode. Conclusions: Our study identified a novel pathogenic valiant of PLN, and revealed a novel pathogenic inheritance mode of PLN causing dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.