Myopia is recognized as a multifactor, multicascade complex disease. However, people still know little about the pathogenesis of myopia. Therefore, we aim to guide the personalized treatment, drug research, and development of myopia. Here, based on the interaction network of myopia-related genes, this study constructed a multifactor-driven myopia disease module map. We first identified differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in myopia. Then, we constructed a myopia-related protein interaction network targeted by these DE miRNAs. Further, we clustered the network into modules and identified module-driven factors, including ncRNAs and transcription factors. Especially, miR-16-5p and miR-34b-5p significantly differentially expressed drive the pathogenic module to influence the progression of myopia. At the same time, transcription factors were involved in myopia-related functions and pathways by regulating the expression of genes in modules, such as Ctnnb1, Myc, and Notch1. In addition, we identified 43 genes in modules that played key roles in the development and progression of myopia such as Vamp2, Egfr, and Wasl. Finally, we constructed a comprehensive multifactor-driven myopia pathogenic module landscape and predicted potential drug and drug targets for myopia. In general, our work not only provided candidates for biological experiments which laid the foundation for the in-depth study of myopia but also has a high reference value for the personalized treatment of myopia and drug development.