Objective This study aims to offer an update assessment of the knowledge of Chinese oncologists on female fertility preservation, and identify the determinants that influence the implementation of fertility preservation. Methods A total of 713 Chinese oncologists with different specialties completed the online self-report questionnaire to assess their understanding of fertility risks in cancer treatment, knowledge on female fertility preservation, and perceptions on the barriers in referring patients for fertility preservation. Results Although most oncologists were familiar with fertility risk in cancer treatment, half of them lacked the knowledge for reproduction and preservation methods. In the multivariable model, oncologists in a hospital with a specialized reproductive institution, positive precaution for fertility risk, and fertility preservation discussion with patients were significantly correlated with the possibility of fertility preservation referral. Conclusions The intervention targets based on the update evaluation and identified influencing determinants will be helpful for all the oncofertility researchers, oncologists and institutions in future efforts for well-established female fertility preservation services.