Objective. To explore the effect of Pilates exercise nursing combined with nursing based on the theory of communication compliance and pelvic floor muscle training on bladder function and family function of patients after cervical cancer surgery. Methods. The medical records of 96 postoperative cervical cancer patients treated in our hospital from November 2019 to May 2021 were selected as retrospective research objects and were divided into observation group and control group with 48 cases each according to the digital table method. The control group received nursing care based on the theory of communication compliance and pelvic floor muscle training, and the observation group received Pilates exercise therapy nursing on the basis of the control group. The differences in urinary retention, family intimacy and adaptability, bladder function, and family function evaluation scores were compared between the two groups. Results. After nursing, the residual urine volume, urination time, and urination interval of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, while the self-resolving urination rate and urination volume of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Before nursing, the family intimacy and adaptability scores of the two groups of patients were not statistically significant (P>0.05). After nursing, the family intimacy score, family adaptability score, and sexual function score of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group; the comparison was statistically significant (P<0.05). After nursing, the bladder function recovery of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Before nursing, the comparison of family function evaluation between the two groups of patients was not statistically significant (P>0.05). After nursing, the observation group's problem solving, communication, role, emotional response, emotional intervention, behavior control, and total functional scores were lower than those of the control group, which were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion. Carrying out nursing care based on the theory of communication compliance with Pilates exercise therapy for patients after cervical cancer surgery has a good nursing effect improves the patient's family intimacy and adaptability and patient's urinary retention and bladder function. Moreover, Pilates exercise nursing is a postoperative treatment for cervical cancer which provides a certain reference for clinical care of patients.