Background: Asthma is a common chronic airway inflammation in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of SERPINB10 in induced sputum and its correlation with airway type 2 inflammation in asthma. Methods: We recruited 90 subjects and detected SERPINB10 levels in induced sputum by ELISA and analyzed the correlation between SERPINB10 expression levels and FeNO, eosinophils in peripheral blood, lung function, and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13). Results: The levels of SERPINB10 in induced sputum in asthmatic patients were higher than healthy controls. SERPINB10 levels in induced sputum were positively correlated with FeNO (r = 0.4620, p < 0.0001) and eosinophils in peripheral blood (r = 0.2500, p = 0.0218) and negatively correlated with FEV1 (%predicted) (r = -0.4161, p < 0.0001) and FEV1/FVC% (r = -0.4383, p < 0.0001). SERPINB10 levels were correlated with Th2 cytokines IL-4 (r = 0.6274, p < 0.0001), IL-5 (r = 0.5166, p < 0.0001), and IL-13 (r = 0.5212, p = 0.0003) in asthma. Conclusions: SERPINB10 levels in induced sputum of asthmatic patients were significantly increased and correlated with asthmatic airway type 2 inflammation. Induced sputum SERPINB10 may be a signature protein for type 2 high asthma and may be a potential target for airway eosinophilic inflammation in asthma.