Background and AimsUrolithiasis is characterized by high rates of prevalence and recurrence. Hyperuricemia is related to various diseases. We hope to determine the association between serum uric acid (UA) level and kidney stone (KS). MethodsIn this population-based cross-sectional study, a total of 82,017 Chinese individuals who underwent a comprehensive examination in 2017 were included. The KS was diagnosed based on ultrasonography examination outcomes. Fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) for KS, and mean difference between the two groups were applied to determine the association of UA level with KS. ResultsAmong the 82,017 participants included in this study (aged 18~99 years), 9,435 participants (11.5%) are diagnosed with KS. A proportion of 56.3% of individuals is male. The mean UA level of overall participants is 341.77 mu mol/L. The participants with KS report higher UA level than the participants without KS [mean UA level 369.91 vs. 338.11 mu mol/L; mean difference (MD), 31.96 (95% CI, 29.61~34.28) mu mol/L]. In men, the OR for KS significantly increases from 330 mu mol/L UA level. Every 50 mu mol/L elevation of UA level increases the risk of KS formation by about 10.7% above the UA level of 330 mu mol/L in men. The subgroup analysis for male is consistent with the overall result except for the participants presenting underweight [adjusted OR, 1.035 (0.875~1.217); MD, -5.57 (-16.45~11.37)], low cholesterol [adjusted OR, 1.088 (0.938~1.261); MD, 8.18 (-7.93~24.68)] or high estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [adjusted OR, 1.044 (0.983~1.108); MD, 5.61 (-1.84~13.36)]. However, no significant association is observed in women between UA and KS either in all female participants or in female subgroups. ConclusionAmong Chinese adults, UA level is associated with KS in a dose-response manner in men but not in women. However, the association becomes considerably weak in male participants with malnutrition status.