Using Gordon's Functional Health Pattern Model, the current cross-sectional study aimed to survey physical and psychosocial responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among Chinese frontline nurses and to identify the most vulnerable groups for future reference and interventions. A self-administered online questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and stress reactions of 115 Chinese frontline nurses. The 52-item version of Gordon's Functional Health Questionnaire was used to evaluate physical, psychological, and social effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among participants. The most prevalent problems were reported in the psychological aspect, where respondents referred to altered self-image due to constant use of masks (87.8%), excessive attention to clinical signs of COVID-19 (59.2%), depression (54%), forgetfulness (40.9%), and anxiety (39.1%). The most vulnerable nurses were those who were younger, had a chronic disease, and were divorced.