单位：[1]Department of Neurology,Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经科[2]Department of Geriatrics,Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院综合医疗科[3]Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,首都医科大学附属天坛医院[4]Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,[5]Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,[6]The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,[7]Beijing WanTeFu Medical Apparatus Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
Primary brainstem hemorrhage (PBSH) is the most fatal subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage and is invariably associated with poor prognosis. Several prognostic factors are involved, of which the two most predominant and consistent are the initial level of consciousness and hemorrhage size. Other predictors, such as age, hyperthermia, and hydrocephalus, are generally not dependable indicators for making prognoses. Scoring systems have now been developed that can predict mortality and functional outcomes in patients suffering from PBSH, which can thus guide treatment decision-making. A novel grading scale, entitled "the new primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) score," represents the latest approach in scoring systems. In this system, patients with a score of 2-3 points appear to benefit from surgical management, although this claim requires further verification. The four main surgical options for the treatment of PBSH are craniotomy, stereotactic hematoma puncture and drainage, endoscopic hematoma removal, and external ventricular drainage. Nevertheless, the management of PBSH still primarily involves conservative treatment methods and surgery is generally not recommended, according to current practice. However, the ongoing clinical trial, entitled Safety and Efficacy of Surgical Treatment in Severe Primary Pontine Hemorrhage Evacuation (STIPE), should provide additional evidence to support the surgical treatment of PBSH. Therefore, we advocate the update of epidemiological data and re-evaluation of PBSH treatment in a contemporary context.</p>
基金：
This work was supported by grant 81901219 and
82071330 from National Natural Science Foundation
of China.
第一作者单位：[1]Department of Neurology,Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China,
通讯作者：
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
danyang chen,yingxin tang,hao nie,et al.Primary Brainstem Hemorrhage: A Review of Prognostic Factors and Surgical Management[J].FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY.2021,12:727962.doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.727962.
APA：
danyang chen,yingxin tang,hao nie,ping zhang,wenzhi wang...&zhouping tang.(2021).Primary Brainstem Hemorrhage: A Review of Prognostic Factors and Surgical Management.FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY,12,
MLA：
danyang chen,et al."Primary Brainstem Hemorrhage: A Review of Prognostic Factors and Surgical Management".FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY 12.(2021)
