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SIX4 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through upregulating YAP1 and c-MET

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单位: [1]Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Gastroenterol, Inst Liver & Gastrointestinal Dis, Tongji Hosp,Tongji Med Coll, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Peoples R China [2]Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Hepat Surg Ctr, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Med Coll, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Peoples R China [3]Clin Med Res Ctr Hepat Surg Hubei Prov, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Peoples R China [4]Minist Educ, Key Lab Organ Transplantat, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Peoples R China [5]Minist Publ Hlth, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Peoples R China
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Metastasis is the main reason for high mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the mechanism underlying HCC metastasis. Here, we report a novel role of SIX homeobox 4 (SIX4), one of the SIX gene family, in promoting HCC metastasis. The elevated expression of SIX4 was positively correlated with loss of tumor encapsulation, microvascular invasion, higher TNM stage, and poor prognosis in human HCC. SIX4 expression was an independent and significant risk factor for the recurrence and survival in HCC patients. Upregulation of SIX4 promoted HCC invasion and metastasis, whereas downregulation of SIX4 decreased HCC invasion and metastasis. SIX4 transactivated Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1) and MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) expression through directly binding to their promoters. Knockdown of YAP1 and c-MET inhibited SIX4-medicated HCC metastasis, while the stable overexpression of YAP1 and c-MET reversed the decreased metastasis induced by SIX4 knockdown. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the specific ligand of c-MET, upregulated SIX4 expression through ERK/NF-kappa B pathway. Knockdown of SIX4 significantly decreased HGF-enhanced HCC metastasis. In human HCC tissues, SIX4 expression was positively correlated with nuclear YAP1, c-MET and HGF expression. Patients with positive coexpression of SIX4/ nuclear YAP1, SIX4/c-MET or HGF/SIX4 had the poorest prognosis. Moreover, the combination treatment of YAP1 inhibitor Verteporfin and c-MET inhibitor Capmatinib significantly suppressed SIX4-mediated HCC metastasis. In conclusion, SIX4 is a prognostic biomarker in HCC patients and targeting the HGF-SIX4-c-MET positive feedback loop may provide a promising strategy for the treatment of SIX4-driven HCC metastasis.

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出版当年[2019]版:
大类 | 1 区 医学
小类 | 2 区 生化与分子生物学 2 区 细胞生物学 2 区 遗传学 2 区 肿瘤学
最新[2025]版:
大类 | 1 区 医学
小类 | 1 区 生化与分子生物学 1 区 遗传学 2 区 细胞生物学 2 区 肿瘤学
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出版当年[2018]版:
Q1 ONCOLOGY Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
最新[2023]版:
Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Q1 ONCOLOGY

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第一作者单位: [1]Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Gastroenterol, Inst Liver & Gastrointestinal Dis, Tongji Hosp,Tongji Med Coll, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Peoples R China
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