In order to improve the nursing quality of emergency operation patients, the modified early warning score (MEWS) is analyzed in this paper. 606 emergency surgical patients from January to December 2019 were selected. According to the MEWS score, the awareness, heart rate, body temperature, respiratory frequency and systolic blood pressure of the surgical patients were comprehensively scored by using the MEWS standard. The critical degree of the emergency surgical patients was scored. Through the implementation of MEWS early warning score for emergency operation patients, it can improve the attention of nurses in operation room to the critical patients, make the preoperative preparation more adequate, shorten the waiting time of operation, improve the rescue success rate, and increase the satisfaction of patients and medical staff from 82.83% to 96.20%. The experiment result shows that the improved early warning scoring system can make emergency surgery have specific quantitative indicators, which can guide medical staff to identify the potential risks of emergency surgery patients as early as possible, and ensure the safety of medical care during the operation of emergency surgery patients. © 2020, Instituto de Investigaciones Clinicas. All rights reserved.