Studies have shown that adiponectin receptors expression was positively correlated with insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance was closely related with incidence and development of hypertension. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the polymorphism of two adiponectin receptor allelic genes, rs12045862T/C and rs7539542G/C, and essential hypertension of Xinjiang Uygur, Kazak and Han in 309 cases of patients with essential hypertension in Xinjiang Uygur, 264 cases of patients with essential hypertension in Kazak and 368 cases of patients with essential hypertension in Han. The control group selected 300 cases of normal Uygur, 275 cases of normal Kazak and 349 cases of normal Han. The TaqMan probe was used to test the polymorphism of adiponectin receptor gene in two alleles, rs12045862T/C and rs7539542G/C. The gene polymorphism of adiponectin receptor gene rs12045862T/C in essential hypertension group of Xinjiang Uygur, Kazak and Han had no significant difference compared with the control group (P>0.05). While the gene polymorphism of adiponectin receptor gene rs7539542G/C in essential hypertension group of Xinjiang Uygur, Kazak and Han had no significant difference compared with the control group (P>0.05). In conclusion, the gene polymorphism of adiponectin receptor gene rs12045862T/C and rs7539542G/C were not significantly associated with essential hypertension in Xinjiang Uygur, Kazak and Han, which was the same in the three ethnic groups.