Objective. Amplification of hTERC is found to be an important genetic event in the progression from cervical dysplasia to cervical cancer. The hTERC value in predicting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (GIN) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), in high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) positive thinprep samples with atypical squamous cells (ASC) or a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) was explored in this study. Methods. A total of 300 thinprep cytology specimens (129 of ASC-US, 82 of LSIL, and 89 of ASC-H) with positive HR-HPV DNA was detected by a two-probe dual-color FISH panel, targeting hTERC and the centromeric region of chromosome 3 (CSP3). Using >2 signals for hTERC together with 2 signals for CSP3 to define abnormal nucleus, and the cutoff value was set at 6.5 per random 200 nuclei displayed increased hTERC signals and/or tumor ploidy. Statistical analyses were based on histologic findings of colposcopy biopsies, allowing CIN2 or worse (CIN2+) as the positive criterion. Results. The FISH results were systematically analyzed among groups, based on histologic diagnosis, cytologic finding, HR-HPV viral load, and age status. hTERC presented good consistency with histology, and had satisfactory sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy among different groups, with less difference intergroup. The individual hTERC positive nuclei ratio was generally increased with severity of the cervical lesions. Conclusions. hTERC could be a stable predictor in assuring the risk of high-grade CIN in women with mild cytologic abnormality and positive HR-HPV, and the individual positive nuclei ratio of it might be helpful in identifying morbid grade for cervical lesions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.