Background: Recent studies have identified a variant, rs4845625, in the interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) gene associated with Atrial Fibrillation (AF). Levels of circulating interleukin-6 and other proinflammatory molecules have consistently been associated with a risk for AF and its recurrence after catheter ablation. This study tested the hypothesis that variant rs4845625 is associated with AF recurrence after catheter ablation in a Chinese Han population. Methods: A total of 278 consecutive patients (mean age 59.4 +/- 11.5 years, 43% female) with paroxysmal (36.0%), persistent (59.7%), and permanent (4.3%) AF who underwent catheterablation from 2007-2011, were included in this study. Patients were monitored for 12 months for a recurrence of AF. The SNP rs4845625 was genotyped using high resolution melting analysis. Results: In our study cohort, an early recurrence of AF (ERAF), defined as a recurrence within the first 4 weeks, was observed in 42.8% of the patients, whereas late recurrence of AF (LRAF) (between 3 and 12 months) occurred in 25.9% of the patients. No significant differences in baseline clinical or echocardiographic characteristics were observed between patients with ERAF and LRAF. In contrast, the presence of the T allele of rs4845625 was associated with an increase in the risk for both ERAF (odds ratio [OR]: 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-2.59, p = 4.10x10(-4)) and LRAF (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.30-2.81, p = 0.001). Furthermore, this association was significant after adjustments for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes and other risk factors. No significant relationship between rs4845625 and serum levels of IL6 was observed. Conclusions: In this study, a variant of the IL6R gene, rs4845625, was found confer risk to AF recurrence after catheter ablation in a Chinese Han population. Our findings indicated that the IL6R pathway or inflammation may play important rols in the recurrence of AF after catheter ablation.