VX680 is a potent and selective inhibitor that targets the Aurora kinase family. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulates a large number of cellular pathways and plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of VX680 on cervical cancer cells and investigate whether the effects on apoptosis are enhanced by the ablation of p38 MAPK activation. The results suggested that VX680 inhibited the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by causing G2/M phase arrest and endoreduplication and that the apoptotic effect was attenuated by the activation of p38 MAPK. However, the addition of BIRB796, which is an important p38 MAPK inhibitor, effectively eliminated the expression of p-p38 and hence significantly enhanced the cell death induced by VX680 in vitro. Further study demonstrated that BIRB796 cooperated with VX680 to suppress cervical cancer cell growth in a mouse xenograft model. Taken together, our results demonstrated that VX680 induced cell cycle arrest and endoreduplication in human cervical cancer cells. Combined treatment with VX680 and BIRB796 synergistically inhibited tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Dual blockade of Aurora kinases and p38 MAPK is therefore a promising strategy for cervical cancer treatment.