Nine new lignans (1-9) and ten known analogues (10-19) were isolated from the fruits of Schisandra bicolor var. tuberculata. The structures of compounds 1-9 were established on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis, The absolute configuration of compound 1 was., determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis with Cu K alpha irradiation techniques, and the absolute configurations of compounds 2-9 were deduced by comparing their experimental ECD spectra and optical rotations with those of compound 1 or similar compounds. All isolates were evaluated for their neuroprotective activities against CoCl2, H2O2, and A beta(25-35)-induced SH-SYSY cell injury, and were found to exhibit different degrees Of neuroprotective effects. At a low concentration of 3.2 nM, compounds 3, 8, 9, and 14-19 in COCl2-induced, compounds 7, 8, 13, 17, and 18 in H2O2-induced, and compounds 2, 6, 7, 9, IQ, and 12-19 in A beta(25-35)-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury models, showed statistically significant neuroprOtective activities, when compared with each negative control group.