Photothermal immunotherapy has drawn worldwide attentions for malignant tumors based on noninvasive methods of nanomaterials and immune-associated drugs in the past years. Photothermal immunotherapy performed excellent effects and less adverse reactions in the treatment of tumors compared with classical treatments including surgical removement, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT) and single immunotherapy. Moreover, second near-infrared (NIR-II) light performed more advantages in PTT/PDT and photoacoustic imaging than first near-infrared (NIR-I) light. Photothermal immunotherapy with the irradiation of NIR-II light can not only rapidly eliminate topical solid tumors located in deeper solid tumor tissue, but also it can trigger tumorassociated congenital and acquired immune responses which can prevent cancer local recurrence and distant metastasis. Photothermal immunotherapy under the NIR-II light irradiation could be one of most essential and potential methods for cancer in the future. Therefore, we reviewed the related nanoparticles of photothermal immunotherapy with the irradiation of NIR II window in cancer based on published articles in the study.(c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).