Objective To evaluate the impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) on antibiotic use and drug resistance. Methods This was a retrospective, multicenter, management intervention study. The data from 85 maternity hospitals (maternal and child health care hospitals) in Hubei province from 2012 to 2019 were collected. The indicators related to antimicrobial drug use included the utilization rate of different grades of antimicrobial drugs, the intensity of antimicrobial agent use, the rational use of prophylactic antimicrobial agents before class I surgical incision, and pathogenic detection and consultation rates before antimicrobial drug use. Results Since the implementation, the purchase of antimicrobial agents in hospitals has been maintained within the prescribed range, and the defined daily dose system (DDDs) of antimicrobial agents has been reduced, prophylactic use and accurate treatment of antimicrobial agents related to class I surgical incision have been more reasonable. With the implementation of ASPs, the detection rate of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been decreased in China from national bacterial resistance surveillance data. Conclusion ASPs have positive effects on antibiotic use and drug resistance in 85 maternity hospitals (maternal and child health care hospitals).